PURUSASUKTA
Purusasukta belongs to the 8th astaka (1/8th part of Rgveda) 4th Adhyaya 17th to 19th Vargas. Brahman or the totality of the whole world (including all the stars and planets) is assumed lying as ViratPurusa in Vedas and Upanisads. Such Purusa and the process of creation is illustrated and chanted in these hymns.
1 (Varga-17)
1. Purusa being the totality of all creatures, having the form of Brahmanda, who has thousands of heads, thousands of eyes and thousands of feet, covers this earth and spreads allover the universe, spreading in ten inches. (He spreads in the whole universe as well as in ten inches.)
2. This (present) whole universe is Purusa. The past and future universe is also Purusa. He is the overlord to eternity. Even if He is the origin, He becomes the reason for the food for creatures and the results of Karma. Actually He who is the origin is transformed into the world by His own will.
3. All of this (world) is the dexterity of Him, not His real form. He is much more than such dexterity. The whole creatures of all ages (present, past and future) form only the 1/4th of Him. The rest remains in His own light, without decline. (Shows the greatness of Him and meanness of this world.)
4. This form of Brahma (without mundane) is far out from this mundane world, untouched by gunas- Sattva, Rajas and Tamas. Part of Him comes to this Maya that which have creation and destruction. Coming here, taking the forms of Deva, man and other creatures, eating and non-eating things, He spreads everywhere.
5. From Paramatma, taking the body of this Brahmanda, ViratPurusa took birth as jiva (life force) and took other forms of deva, man and other creatures. Then He created the earth and other bodies.
2. (18)
1. Likewise bodies with jiva came to birth. Then, without having any other materials for creation, devas assumed the purusa as Havis (that which should be submitted to Homagni- holy fire) and did manasa (mental) yajna (holy sacrifice). For that yajna, the spring season (vasantha rtu) was assumed as ghee (which is essential for yajna). Summer (Grisma) was assumed as samit (small pieces of twigs of the tree Butea Frondosa) and autumn as other types of havises (like purodasa).
2. Creators like Prajapati and the Rsis who are viewers of mantras assumed Him (Purusa) as yajnapasu (animal sacrificed in yajna), tied him to the stump, sprinkled holy water on it and did the manasayajna (mental sacrifice).
3. From that manasayajna, in which purusa himself was put to holy fire, ghee mixed with curd was got. Then deer and such Vayu- fostered jungle animals were created. Then the village- animals like cow and horse were created.
4. From that yajna, Rgveda, Samaveda and Yajurveda were born. Chandas-es (metres) like Gayatri were derived.
5. From the same yajna, horses were born. Donkeys and mules which have two rows of teeth were born. Cows and goats were born.
3. (19)
(Here, some people ask questions.)
1. When devas assumed Purusa, how they have assumed him? Which was his face? Which were the arms? Which were the thighs? Which were the legs?
(Answer follows)
2. Brahmana became his (of Prajapati) face, Ksatriya was done his arms, His thighs was Vaisya (who is engaged in agriculture and trade) and from his feet Sudra was born. (Here nothing is lower than the other. In the body of society, karma of each Varna is referred.)
3. From His mind, moon was born. From His eyes sun was born. From His face, Indra and Agni were born. From His prana, Vayu was born.
4. From His navel, the atmosphere (antariksa) was born. From His head, heaven was born. From His feet, the earth was born. From His ears, the directions were born. Like this the devas created the universe.
5. In that manasayajna, seven Chandas-es like Gayatri became the Paridhi (means limit- certain long samits put on three sides of Homakunda). Twenty one samits (which were submitted to the holy fire) were also assumed. Devas (who are the sense-organs and life-force of Purusa), doing mental sacrifice, tied ViratPurusa himself as the sacrificial cow.
6. Devas who are the sense organs and life force of Prajapati, worshipped the Paramatman, who is the form of yajna, by their manasayajna. By that worship, they became the primary dharmas (Creators of phenomena like this mundane world). In the attainment of ViratPursa, they are the Sadhyas (by whose help we can achieve our goal). Only the worshippers of them attain the heaven of realizing Virat.
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Posture becomes firm and relaxed through the control of the natural tendencies of the body, and through meditation on the infinite. Yoga sutra 2-4
The effort for achievement is done only for maintaining the body and it is not a tool for doing asanas. So for a sadhaka, effort is an obstruction. Because, being the accidental cause for asanas, it may ruin the laws of asanas. Vyasabhasya.
You should practice the asanas with the effortlessness. From nowhere else you will get clear advice of asanas. If effort is not done, the asanas will attain their achievements. Asanas fulfill the mind which should be led to the Visvambharamandala (region of Siva) which is born by thousands of hoods of snakes, eternal and that which is without anything else than serpents. Vachaspatimisra
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PURUSASUKTAM
I
1. Sahasrasirsa purusassahasraksassahasrapat
sa bhumim visvato vrtva tyatisthaddasangulam
2. purusa evedam yadbhutam yacca bhavyam
utamrtatvassyesano yadannenatirohati
3. etavanasya mahimato jyayamsca purusah
pado sya visvabhutani tripadasyamrtam bhuvi
4. tripadurdhva udaitpurusah pado syehabhavatpunah
tato visvanvyakramat sasananasane abhi
5. tasmadviradajayata virajo adhi purusah
sa jato atyaricyata pascadbhumimatho purah
II
1. yatpurusena havisa deva yajnamatanvata
vasanto asyasidajyam grisma idhmassaradhavih
2. tam yajnam barhisi prauksan purusam jatamagratah
tena deva ayajanta sadhya rsayasca ye
3. tasmadyajnatsarvahutassambhrtam prsadajyam
pasuntascakre vayavyanaranyan gramyasca ye
4. tasmadyajnatsarvahuta rcassamani jajnire
chandamsi jajnire tasmadyajustasmadajayata
5. tasmadasva ajayanta ye ke cobhayadatah
gavo ha jajnire tasmattasmajjata ajavayah
III
1. yatpurusam vyadadhuh katidha vyakatpayan
mukham kimasya kau bahu ka uru pada ucyete
2. brahmano sya mukhamasidbahu rajanyah krtah
uru tadasya yadvaisyah padbhyam sudro ajayata
3. candrama manaso jatascaksossuryo ajayata
mukhadindrascagnisca pranadvayurajayata
4. nabhya asidantariksam sirsno dyaussamavartata
padbhyam bhumirdisah srotrastatha loka akalpayan
5. saptasyasan paridhayastrissapta samidhah krtah
deva yadyajnantanvana abadhnan purusam pasum
6. yajnena yajnamayajanta devastani dharmani prathamanyasan
te ha nakam mahimanassacanta yatr purve sadhyassanti devah
108karanas -shown by siva
Natyasastram of Bharata the sage , refers to the action forms Nrttam (mere dance according to rhythm ), Nrtyam (classical dance formslike Kathakali and Bharatanatyam with mudras which have a meaning) , and Natyam (action of rasas just like in drama). In almost all action forms, these three actions are correlated.
Mudra is gesture with fingers which means differently in different instances . Basically there are 24 mudras like patakam, tripatakam etc. These mudras singly or jointly with different body movements make sense for action.
Body movements, especially of arms and legs, is called Karanam. There are 108 karanams which were shown to Bharata by Siva for writing Natyasastram.. They are carved in these sculptures.
Siva says that these 108 karanams can be used in dance , battle, duel combat and special movements in normal life.
1.Talapuspaputam:
On the left side, the mudra puspaputam (means- the flower`s inside like a container –joins two hands as a handful ). Legs should be in agratalasancaram (walking , the thumbs touching the floor and heels risen). The ribs should be bent to one side (talam means plane or phase)
2.Vartitam: (literally means –situated)
Both the arms should be bent at the wrist and twisted inside and outside and hanged over the thighs in a relaxed manner.
3.Valithorukam:
Having the sukatunda (literally means- beak of parrot) mudra, twist the hands inside and outside. Bend and keep away the thighs.( Bend the forefinger like eyebrow . Fold the ring finger and put the thumb on it. The other fingers should be bent and stretched- such is the sukatundamudra)
4.Apaviddham: (means relinquished or pierced-literally)
Binding the sukatundamudra , put the right hand on the thigh with face upwards. Join the left hand to the chest with the same mudra.
5.Samanakham: (having the nails on straight position)
Adjoin both legs having the nails on a straight line. Hang both arms in relaxed manner. Put the body naturally.
6.Linam: (literally means- dissolved)
Hands with the mudra pataka (stretch the four fingers and bend the thumb) should be adjoined and put on the chest . Lengthen the neck . Bend both shoulders downwards.
7.Swastikarecitam: (Releasing swastikam)
Bind swastikam with the hands and then release the hands and make its face upwards and put it on the hip. Such karanam is called swastikarecitam (cross the hands on wrist – is swastikabandham. This is the opposite posture )
8.Mandalasvastikam:
Bind svastikam with hands, stretch it to the front slightly and put the phase upwards. Stand on the position- mandalam (put the legs a little away and bend it as if the knees are put away- such is mandalam)
9.Nikuttakam: (bruising- literally means)
Hit the shoulders with hands (fingers) and strike the floor with heels. Such is nikuttakam..
10.Ardhanikuttakam:(half-nikuttakam)
Touch one shoulder with one hand and strike the floor with one heel.
11.Katicchinnam: (hip-splitted)
Turn the hip leftwards and rightwards. Put the hands upwards with pallavamudra (pallavam means tender leaf. Put the thumb under the ring finger –this is pallavamudra).Do this thrice or four times.
12.Ardharecitam: (half-released)
Stretch one arm with sucimukhamudra to its side . Strike the floor with heels on the other side. Bend the ribs to that side. (Fold the short finger and ring finger and put the thumb on its back- such is sucimukhamudra)
13.Vaksahswastikam: (swastikam on the chest)
Cross the legs. Cross the hands and put on the chest. Bend the chest foreward..
14.Unmattam: (mad- literally)
Heel of one leg should be touched on the floor and stretch both arms to their own sides.
15.Svastikam:
Cross both legs and arms.
16.Prsthasvastikam: (prstha- backside)
Wave and fold the hands binding svastikam.. Cross the legs and turn backwards in ardhasucipada.(Bend, rise and stretch the legs and touch the floor with the front-foot – it is called suci[needle]. Here, suci is done only to one leg. So –ardhasuci).
17.Diksvastikam: (dik- direction)
Cross legs and hands and bind svastikam in front, back and on both sides.
18.Alatakam: (alatam is half burned wood- nobody will touch it.)
Wave and trample the right leg and put the arm on it lazily. Bend the left leg on knee and trample on the floor.
19.Katisamam: (hip- erected)
Cross the legs and then release. Put one hand on the navel and the other on the hip. Both the sides should be erect..
20.Aksiptarecakam: (Stretched and released)
Put the left arm straight to chest. Stretch the right arm and then retreat.
21.Viksiptaksiptakam: (pushed and revoked)
Wave and retreat both legs and arms.
22.Ardhasvastikam: (half svastikam)
Cross the legs. Hang the right arm like trunk of elephant and put the left hand on chest (svastikam is there only on legs).
23.Ancitam: (bent)
The right arm hung as trunk in ardhasvastikam should be turned left and rolled down and put straight to the nose.
24.Bhujangatrasitam: (Afraid of serpent)
Fold and rise the leg and turn it as a triangle . Both the waist and knee should be turned.
25. Urdhvajanu: (rising the knees)
Fold and rise the leg and put the knee against the chest. Situate the arms according to it.
26.Nikuncitam:
Bend and rise one leg backwards as in vrscika (scorpion-going to be described as 47th).Put the left hand on the waist. Put the right hand against the nose.
27.Mattalli:
Twist and adjoin both legs. Fold and stretch across the hands.
28.Ardhamattalli:
Stumbled and put away legs , stretched left arm and the right arm put on the hip.- such is ardhamattalli.
29. Recitanikuttitam: (Released- bruising)
Stretch the right arm . Rise and trample the right heel. The left arm should be hanged in relaxed manner.
30.Padapaviddhakam: (leg- pierced)
Put both hands near the navel with Katakamukhamudra (put the thumb in between forefinger and middle finger and fold all other fingers) Keep away the legs in sucipadam (touch the floor with thumb and rise the heel).
31.Valitam: (wrinkled)
Stretch one arm ,Stay on sucipadam on one leg. Turn the hip.
32.Ghurnitam: (rotating)
Rotated right arm, left arm hanged lazily. Crossed and released legs . Such karanam is ghurnitam.
33.Lalitam: (simple)
Bind karihastamudra (karihastam is trunk of elephant. Put the left hand binding pataka mudra near the left ear-karihastamudra)with left hand. Move right arm leftwards and stretch downwards. Put one fore-foot on the floor and rhythmically move the heel.
34.Dandapaksam: (stick-winged)
Fold one leg and rise it up to the knee-level and stretch arm over it.
35.Bhujangatrastarecitam: (released-bhujangatrasitam)
In the bhujangatrasitakarana, if both hands are turned left and stretched, it is bhujangatrastarecitam.
36.Nupuram: (anklet)
Turn the backside of the waist and stretch the arms. The step should be Nupurapada. Such is the Nupurakaranam.(Touch the heel on the floor, rise the forefoot and touch forefoot speedly on the floor- such is nupurapadam).
37.Vaisakharecitam:
Rotate arms legs and then neck and waist. Stand in vaisakham. (Put away the legs and lower the thighs as if making a triangle is called vaisakham).
38.Bhramarakam: (As the black beetle- wandering always)
Cross and release the legs. Adjoin the hands(as if enclosing). Turn the hip. Such is bhramarakam.
39.Caturam: (literally means rectangle)
Binding alapallavamudra (the fingers should be rotated inside the palm, moved to both sides and scattered) with the left hand caturamudra(stretch the three fingers, put the thumb in their middle and rise the short finger) with the right hand and fixing the right forefoot on the floor hit with the heel- this is called caturam.
40.Bhujagancitakam:
In the bhujangatrasitam, if the right leg is folded and risen , right arm stretched downward and left arm stretched upward, it is bhujagancitakam.
41.Dandakarecitam:
Stretch and wave the legs and arms like stick (danda).
42.Vrscikakuttitam: (scorpion –bruised)
Bend backwards and rise one leg like the scorpion-tail and put the folded hands on the shoulder.
43.Katibhrantam: (rolling the hip)
Fold, rise, wave and trample the right leg and turn the waist.
44.Latavrscikam:
Bend and rise one leg like scorpion-tail. Stretch left arm and put its hand liked a drooped creeper (lata)this is latavrscikam.
45.chinnam: (splitted)
Binding alapallavamudra put one hand on hip and twist the waist. Stand vaisakham(legs should be put away 31/2spans distance, fix the thighs on the same distance, turn the legs to both sides making triangles)
46.Vriscikarecitam: (released from scorpion)
Bend and rise one leg backwards like scorpion-tail , bind svastikam with the arms on chest and then stretch to both sides and droop the hands.
47.Vrscikam (scorpion)
Bend and rise one leg. Bend the arms and touch the shoulders. Lower the waist.
48.Vyamsitam:
Stand on alidham position(Put away legs 4spans and move the right foot to five more spans distance. Legs should be turned to both sides making triangles. Such is alidham). Put the hands on chest up and down in a scattered manner.
49.Parsvanikuttitam:
Bind svastikam on one side with hands. Fix one foot on floor (the other, thumb should be touched).
50.Lalatatilakam: (tilakam-ornamental mark- on forehead)
Make the leg as scorpion tail and put its thumb on the forehead on tilaka-place.
51.Krantakam:
Fold one leg and stretch the other to front side. Hold the arms closely.
52.Kuncitam:
Fold the right leg. Turn the right hand downwards and put the left with upward face.
53.Cakramandalam: (cakra-wheel. Mandalam-a position)
Lowering the body touch the floor with hands and the legs should be put away.
54.Uromandalam: (mandalam is a poition of legs and uras means chest)
Bind svastikam with the legs, close the heels, move away the forefeet, and the hands should enclose the chest.
55.Aksiptam: (revoked)
Wave and close both legs and arms.
56.Talavilasitam: (playing with plane)
Rise the leg through one side, as if the foot and fingers lie with upward face. Touch the inner foot with palm. Then do the same with the other leg and palm.
57. Argalam: (Bolt)
Put one leg 2 ½ spans backwards. Stretch the arm of same side to front.
58.Viksitam: (pushed away)
Wave the legs and arms to both sides and back through the same path..
59.Avartam: (whirlpool)
Fold and stretch the legs speedly like a whirlpool. Act with the hands suitably.
60.Dolapadam: (swinging legs)
Fold the legs and swing from one side to the other. Act with the hands accordingly.
61.Vivrttam:
Fold the legs and arms. Turn the backside of waist. Invert the palms.
62.Vinivrttam: (withdrawing)
Stand in sucipadam. Folding one leg touch the floor with forefoot. Turn the waist leftwards and rightwards . Bind hamsapaksamudra (stretch the three middle fingers, rise the short finger and bend the thumb) on hands and move it.
63.Parsvakrantam: (step on side)
Fold and rise leg and trample on the side put it foreward. Act with the hands accordingly.
64.Nisumbhitam: (killing)
Fold leg backwards. Erect the chest. Put the hand on tilaka place(on forehead).
65.Vidyutbhrantam: (rotating as electricity)
Stretch the leg backwards and rotate as if the head is rubbed everywhere.
66.Atikrantam: (surpassing)
Wave forward and trample the legs alternately. Act with the hands accordingly.
67.Vivartitam:
Fold leg and arm . turn the waist-back. Stretch the second hand and invert it.
68.Gajakriditam: (play of elephant)
Put the left hand stretched and spreaded near the ear. Hang and move the right arm on the front as a creeper. Fold, rise and swing the leg.
69.Talasphotitam: (burst plane)
Rise and put forward the leg. Clap the hands.
70.Garudaplutakam: (flying of garuda)
Fold legs backward. Spread the arms folding the hands.Push the chest forward.
71.Gandasuci: (ganda-cheek. Suci is the leg posture. The word suci means- needle-literally)
Make one leg in suci fixing its thumb on the floor, bend to that side, put one hand against chest and stretch and spread the other near the cheek.
72. Parivrttam:
Rise and cross the hands. Make the leg suci and cross the legs. Turn the waist.
73.Parsvajanu:(knee on side)
Put one leg straight . Fold the other leg and put on the thigh of the former. Make the hand fist and put it on chest.(musti-fist ist is a mudra)
74.Grdhravalinakam: (hiding vulture)
Fold one leg backward and put the knee away. Stretch both arms.
75.Sannatam: (bowed down)
Trample and jump forward and cross the legs. Stretch the arms downwards.
76.Suci:
Fold , rise and fix the leg forward. Let the hands do its actions.
77.Ardhasuci:
Rise the left leg to head. Put the right leg as suci.
78Sucividdham: (Pierced with needle- literal meaning)
One leg should be made suci and put together with the other’s heel. One hand should be on the hip and the other on the chest.
79.Apakrantam:
Fold the leg on thigh and move it and trample on the other side. Hands may do its own actions.
80.Mayuralalitam:
Fold and rise one leg as scorpion-tail. Spread the hands. Turn the waist.
81.Sarpitam: (like a serpent)
Fix one heel, rise its forefoot, move it and bend the head to that side. Turn the palm downwards. Then do the same on the other side.
82.Dandapadam:
Fold one leg on nupurapadam and stretch the other leg forward.Stretch the arms too.
83.Harinaplutam: (floating of deer)
Fold legs , jump and trample . Trample the ankles left and right alternately.
84.Premkholitam: (as the swing)
Fold legs, swing it, jump and trample. Turn the waist.
85.Nitambam:(buttocks)
Rise both arms.The fingers should be facing each other ‘Baddha’ should be bound on legs (cross the ankles binding svastikam and turn on thigh is called Baddha)
86.Skhalitam :( slipping)
Fold ,rise and swing the legs. Spread and rotate the hands.
87.Karihastam: (Trunk of elephant)
Put one hand on chest . The other should be put near the ear. Fix the heel and stretch inner forefoot spreading.
88.Prasarpitakam: (creeping)
Put one hand spread risen. The other should be drooped as a creeper. Drag both feet.
89. Simhavikriditam: (play of lion)
Wave forward and put on floor each leg speedly and alternately. Wave the hands according to it.
90.Simhakarsitam: (Lion’s pulling)
Stretch one leg backward. Cross the hands and put it turned downward and pull. Repeat this many times.
91.Udvrttam: (Risen)
Revoke the arms,legs and body and rise the body.
92. Upasrtakam:
Revoke one leg and hand and bow down the body.
93.Talasamghattitam:
Fold ,rise and swing one leg. Clap the hands and turn the left hand downwards.
94. Janitam (Born)
Stretch arm against the chest and hang the other. Fix one forefeet on the floor.
95.Avahitthakam:
Stand as in Janitam .Close the hands being fingers face to face. ]
96. Nivesam : (Entering)
Put both hands against chest. Bend the chest slightly to front. Put away the legs.
97. Elaka kriditam: (Play of ram )
Trample firmly both legs and jump. The body should be bowed down.
98.Urudvarttam : (Rising the Thighs)
Stretch one leg foreward and the other backward. Put the hands on the thigh. The ankles should be put away and straight.
99.Madaskhalitam: (Oozing of rut)
Hang both arms.Turn the head. Fold and cross each leg alternately.
100.Visnukrantam:
Fold the leg and put it forward (as for walking ).Turn the hands downwards.
101. Sambhrantam: (Bewildered)
Wave the hands and put it downwards on the thighs.The thighs should be put across
102. Viskambham: (Literally – Stake or pillar)
Stretch the right arm.Make the right leg as suci and put it together with the left leg. Close the left hand to chest.
103.Udghattitam: (Striking against)
Move the legs rhythmically. Clap the hands rhythmically.The ribs should lowered.
104. Vrsabhakriditam: (Play of Ox)
Stretch one leg backwards and turn. Invert and stretch the hands.
105.Lolitam: (Moved)
Inverted and spreaded hands, swing to both sides and rotated- such is lolitam.
106. Nagapasarpkam :( Crawling of serpent)
Legs moved stumbling ,turned face, hands faced downwards- this is nagapasarpakam.
107.Sakatasyam: (Face of carriage)
Sit ,fix the head on floor,rise the legs,express the chest and roll down the body.
108. Gangavararanam: (Descending to Ganga)
Rise one leg upwards, invert both hands and bow down the head – such is Gangavataranam.
( All pictures and descriptions do not copewith )
really great works
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